Nazism and Stalinism represent the most tragic period of modern European history. This course is devoted to the philosophical and literary reflection of these two historical phenomena. How was total dominion over the human enabled? What was the experience of those living under totalitarian or post-totalitarian rule? Were there any differences between Nazi and Stalinist regimes? We will seek the answers to these and similar questions together with great thinkers and authors such as Hannah Arendt, Sheila Fitzpatrick, Václav Havel and Milan Kundera.